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Research Article
Linking Between Water Ecosystem Services’ Perception and Rural Migration in Sahelian Wetlands: Evidence-based from Inner Niger Delta in Mali
Beteo Zongo*,
Abdouramane Djibo Gado,
Omer S. Combary,
Mori Diallo,
Karounga Keïta,
Patrice Toé,
Souleymane Ouedraogo,
Thomas Dogot
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
228-237
Received:
23 September 2023
Accepted:
20 October 2023
Published:
11 November 2023
Abstract: Sahel’s largest wetland, the Inner Niger Delta (IND) is highly productive with a biologically diverse ecosystem and fed by seasonal floods. It plays a crucial role in shaping culture and driving local and national economies. Over one million people composed mainly of fishermen, farmers, and breeders that depend on the vitality of these wetlands. Despite the resources that the IND contained, people continue to migrate to other countries. The main objective of this study is to analyze the link between water ecosystem services and the migration of IND’s inhabitants. Specific objectives are to understand the endogen perception of ecosystem services and identify the determinants of migration outside wetlands. Based on recent household surveys including the econometric model, results show that 36.9% of respondents have at least one member who migrated out of IND. The remittances from migrants support 41.2% of respondents and 29.8% of them have the intention to migrate. The determinants of migration intention are gender, household size, land access, employment opportunities in livestock and fishing, submersion practice, soil fertility, peaceful natural resources management, credit access, migrated household members, and remittances from migrants. To limit migration, it is necessary to restore and conserve water ecosystems through innovations in climate change adaptation, integrated water resource management, and people sensitization towards nature-based solutions practices.
Abstract: Sahel’s largest wetland, the Inner Niger Delta (IND) is highly productive with a biologically diverse ecosystem and fed by seasonal floods. It plays a crucial role in shaping culture and driving local and national economies. Over one million people composed mainly of fishermen, farmers, and breeders that depend on the vitality of these wetlands. De...
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Research Article
Technical Efficiency of Groundnut Production: The Case of North Western Ethiopia
Desalegn Teshale Wolde*,
Belete Woundefiraw,
Welay Tesfaye
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
238-244
Received:
28 April 2023
Accepted:
19 June 2023
Published:
17 November 2023
Abstract: This study was aimed to measure the technical efficiency of farmers and to investigate determinants of technical inefficiency of groundnut producers in the north western parts of Ethiopia. A Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data from 201 randomly selected groundnut producers in the North western parts of Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier production model was employed. The result showed that the average technical efficiency of groundnut production was 0.68. This indicates, given the available existing technology, groundnut production can be increased by 32%. The SFP model revealed that area and labor were found to be statistically and positively significant at 1 and 5% significance levels respectively. The positive result suggests; a 1% increase can have a potential increase in the yield of groundnut. The maximum likelihood estimates of the SFP model showed that Age, livestock ownership, marital status and training of the household head was found to be negatively influenced the technical inefficiency; whereas, sex of the household head and proximity to the nearest market were positively influenced technical inefficiency of groundnut producers. Therefore, this study suggests that improving livestock ownership and productivity, integrating women with agricultural extension service and programs, and arranging farmers experience sharing will enhance the technical efficiency of the farmers.
Abstract: This study was aimed to measure the technical efficiency of farmers and to investigate determinants of technical inefficiency of groundnut producers in the north western parts of Ethiopia. A Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data from 201 randomly selected groundnut producers in the North western parts of Ethiopia. Descr...
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Research Article
Farmer’s Perception Towards Agricultural Lime Technology in the Case of Ejere District, West Shewa, Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
245-250
Received:
11 October 2023
Accepted:
31 October 2023
Published:
17 November 2023
Abstract: The purpose of the study is to find out how farmers perceive about agricultural lime technologies in some chosen kebeles within the districts of Ejere. This study examines farmers' opinions about lime technology were measured using a scale with items developed for the purpose of this study. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to draw 145 sample households from one woreda and three kebeles. Using a Likert type scale, sample respondents' responses to the perception were examined. According to the degree of agreement, the outcome showed that the perception on the statement lime treat (amend) soil acidity, improve crop yield, improve crop yield for consecutive years, reduce crop disease showed positive perception from the respondent Whereas, perception on the statement lime needs additional labor and time, technological availability and soil acidity testing service shows the lowest degree of agreement in relation to the other level of agreement parameters taken into consideration. Despite the fact that the study area's households benefit more from technology, It is discouraged for certain farmers to use the lime technology due to unavailability of the technology (lime shortage), unawareness about lime technology, transportation problem, labor shortage and a problem of soil acidity testing service were some of the elements influencing the study area's adoption of lime technology. Therefore, the government, nongovernmental organizations, and other stakeholders focused more on making better access to agricultural lime timely and needed to put in place infrastructural and policy support at different levels for technical interventions to address the problem of acid soils in general and in the study area in particular.
Abstract: The purpose of the study is to find out how farmers perceive about agricultural lime technologies in some chosen kebeles within the districts of Ejere. This study examines farmers' opinions about lime technology were measured using a scale with items developed for the purpose of this study. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to draw 145 s...
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Research Article
Comparative Analysis of Small Scale Irrigation Users’ Household Income Among Smallholder Farmers: The Case of Horo District, Ethiopia
Shibeshi Fekadu Tolesa,
Gizahu Fetene Zeleke
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
257-266
Received:
26 October 2023
Accepted:
10 November 2023
Published:
21 November 2023
Abstract: Agriculture is the mainstay of the country's economy and the major source of foreign exchange earnings and domestic consumption. To improve the prevailing low level of production and productivity the use of yield improving inputs is of paramount important. As the potential to increase production by bringing more resources into use became more and more limited, the efficiency with which the farmers use available resources has received the utmost attention. This being the case, in this study, an attempt was made to compare analysis of small scale irrigation users’ household income among small holder farmers. Allocations of the number of sample households 64 from non-user and 64 from users of irrigation and was proportional to the number of household for non-user and user of irrigation living in each sampled three kebels. Logit models were used to estimate determinants of household income. According to the finding of this study, Education of household head, Livestock holding measured in Tropical Livestock Unit (TLU), and Use of input have statistically and positive contribution to income. Therefore, the strengthening both formal and informal education and vocation or skill training, adequate veterinary service (improved breed), improved water supply points, introduce of timely and effective forage development program for Livestock holding, high yield variety to supply (provide) to households, awareness creation on management (how to use input, sowing and weeding) and to introduce new inputs like chemical fertilizers, new seeds, pesticides and etc.
Abstract: Agriculture is the mainstay of the country's economy and the major source of foreign exchange earnings and domestic consumption. To improve the prevailing low level of production and productivity the use of yield improving inputs is of paramount important. As the potential to increase production by bringing more resources into use became more and m...
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Research Article
Current Practices of Farmers Adoption of Improved Food Barley Variety in Case Study of Welmera District of Oromia Region Ethiopia
Endale Mekonnen*,
Bogale Ayana
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
267-273
Received:
25 October 2023
Accepted:
10 November 2023
Published:
24 November 2023
Abstract: This research activity was conducted in Welmera districts of west Shewa zone Oromia with the objective of examining the current practice of smallholder farmers toward the adoption of improved food barley varieties in the study area. Food barley is a stable grain, widely grown by farmers in Ethiopia's different highlands. One of the most important tactics for ensuring food security in the nations is seen to be improving its production. One of the most widely consumed and produced foods is food barley in the district. The aim of this research was to assess the current practices of farmers toward the adoption of improved food barley in the study area. This study used a three-stage sampling procedure in which purposive selection of district and Kebeles were selected by using random sampling. Stratified sampling was employed to identify adopters and non-adopters and simple random sampling was used to select respondents. The study is based on primary data collected from 142 samples selected through an interview schedule-assisted survey questionnaire. The findings of the study reveal that adopters and non-adopters of improved food barley varieties differ in their land preparation, fertilizer application, topdressing, weeding and protection practices, as well as seed preparation and seedling assessment In general, the study concluded that adopters were better practice recommended extension package. Therefore, the extension and research system should address these factors to provide solutions.
Abstract: This research activity was conducted in Welmera districts of west Shewa zone Oromia with the objective of examining the current practice of smallholder farmers toward the adoption of improved food barley varieties in the study area. Food barley is a stable grain, widely grown by farmers in Ethiopia's different highlands. One of the most important t...
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Research Article
Research on Financial Services Supporting Agricultural Industrialization in Tai'an City
Chongyi Gong,
Dongqin Lv*
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
274-278
Received:
6 November 2023
Accepted:
22 November 2023
Published:
5 December 2023
Abstract: As a major agricultural city, Tai'an has long been committed to the development of agricultural industrialization and provided some financial support. However, the support of financial services for agricultural industrialization is not sufficient. Therefore, studying the path of financial services supporting agricultural industrialization in Tai'an City has significant theoretical and practical significance. This article first analyzes the necessity of financial services to support agricultural industrialization, which is reflected in the cultivation of leading enterprises, investment in production factors, infrastructure construction, production base construction, introduction, development and promotion of high-tech, and the high risks of agricultural industrialization that require financial services to support. Then, the current situation and existing problems of financial services supporting the development of agricultural industrialization in Tai'an City were analyzed, including insufficient rural financial support for agriculture, too single financial service products, optimization of financial service methods, inadequate credit guarantee system, poor financial credit environment, insufficient insurance services, and insufficient government financial support for agricultural industrialization. Finally, propose corresponding policy recommendations: Strengthen the support for agriculture in rural cooperative finance. Strengthen the support for agriculture through policy based finance in rural areas. Strengthen the support for agriculture in rural commercial finance. Strengthen the support for agriculture through private finance. Optimize financial service methods. Innovate financial service products. Improve the credit guarantee system. Optimize the financial credit environment. Improve insurance services. To establish a long-term and effective agricultural industry development system, the Tai'an Municipal Government needs to play its own guiding and supporting role.
Abstract: As a major agricultural city, Tai'an has long been committed to the development of agricultural industrialization and provided some financial support. However, the support of financial services for agricultural industrialization is not sufficient. Therefore, studying the path of financial services supporting agricultural industrialization in Tai'an...
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Research Article
The Effects of Bushfires on Farming Industry Among Small-Scale Farmers in Kori Chiefdom, Moyamba District, Sierra Leone
Mohamed Francis Musa*,
Abdul Salami Bah,
Tamba Dantee Mbayoh,
Daniel Rince George,
Abdul Fataio Tandason,
Chernor Alpha Umaru Bah,
Sahr Lamin Sumana
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
279-293
Received:
17 November 2023
Accepted:
4 December 2023
Published:
14 December 2023
Abstract: This study analyzed the effect of bush burning on the smallholder farming industry in Kori Chiefdom. The researchers used a structured questionnaire to obtain primary data from three hundred and eighty-four (384) farmers who were selected through a combination of multi-stage and simple random techniques. Cochran's (1977) scientific formula was adopted in selecting the sample size for this research. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The result indicates that, 56% of the respondents are male, and 59% of the farmers ages fell between 31 and 40 years. Farmers are highly affected by bush burning in 2019 and 2020, with 27.1% and 21%, respectively. Some of the crops the fire destroyed were cassava, groundnuts, pineapples, pepper, and parboiled rice. Land clearing (21.4%) was identified as the major root cause of fire outbreaks, and (34.8%) of the respondents admitted to the practice of bush burning for 1–10 years. The majority of the farmers claimed to have lost household assets valued at NLe1,000 and below, (53.2%) of the respondents accepted the fact that burning creates devastation for agricultural products. The study further showed that 60.9% of the respondents indicated that a lack of fire equipment that can help reduce the spread of fire was one of the main constraints facing their communities in controlling a wide fire outbreak. The study recommended that the town chief in those communities should enforce legislation, local laws should be made against uncontrolled bush burning. The government and international non-governmental organizations should help by providing bushfire equipment and training at the community level, which will help prevent the spread of bushfires if they occur.
Abstract: This study analyzed the effect of bush burning on the smallholder farming industry in Kori Chiefdom. The researchers used a structured questionnaire to obtain primary data from three hundred and eighty-four (384) farmers who were selected through a combination of multi-stage and simple random techniques. Cochran's (1977) scientific formula was adop...
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Research Article
Research on the Construction of an Integrated Cold Chain Logistics Model for Agricultural Products in Tai'an City Based on Internet of Things Technology
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
294-298
Received:
3 December 2023
Accepted:
15 December 2023
Published:
26 December 2023
Abstract: With the continuous improvement of residents' consumption level and the rapid development of agriculture, the public's demand for fresh meat products, fruits and vegetables and other agricultural products is increasing. At the same time, higher requirements are put forward for the freshness and safety of agricultural products, and cold chain logistics of agricultural products has emerged. However, the establishment of an integrated cold chain logistics system for agricultural products faces problems such as a large span of infrastructure construction regions, high threshold, lack of leading organization in network infrastructure construction, and lack of institutional guarantee in market operation mechanisms, resulting in slow and imperfect system construction speed. Research has found the following problems: the agricultural cold chain logistics industry lacks policy support; The cold chain logistics equipment for agricultural products is not sound, and the cold chain technology is relatively backward; Lack of professional cold chain logistics qualified talents; The informationization standards of cold chain logistics are chaotic, and the laws and regulations are not sound; The development of third-party fresh agricultural product logistics enterprises lags behind; The degree of information sharing in agricultural product logistics is low. Finally, policy recommendations are proposed from two aspects: the cold chain logistics model for agricultural products and the implementation path of integrated cold chain logistics for agricultural products.
Abstract: With the continuous improvement of residents' consumption level and the rapid development of agriculture, the public's demand for fresh meat products, fruits and vegetables and other agricultural products is increasing. At the same time, higher requirements are put forward for the freshness and safety of agricultural products, and cold chain logist...
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Research Article
Controlling Soybean Insect Pests and Yield Losses with Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae
Kito Phaviseth,
Siviengkhek Phommalath*,
Thiphakone Thavonesack
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
299-304
Received:
29 November 2023
Accepted:
18 December 2023
Published:
28 December 2023
Abstract: The objective of this study identifies the effective of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae fungi as soybean pest control agents compared chemical in The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae fungi as soybean pest control agents with chemical insecticides secticides. The experimental designed was randomized complete block design with 4 treatments: B1: Control, B2: Beauveria & Metarhizium fungi (50 g/L) weekly, B3: Beauveria & Metarhizium fungi (100 g/L) weekly and B4: Triazophos + Abamectin chemicals. The results showed the efficacy of Beauveria and Metarhizium fungi as biocontrol agents for soybean insect pests. Statistical analysis of plant height, pod number, seed weight, and pod damage revealed significant differences among treatments. Notably, Beauveria + Metarhizium at 50 g/ha significantly increased seed weight per plant (P < 0.05), while the 100 g/ha treatment maximized plant harvest numbers (P < 0.05). However, both fungal treatments exhibited no significant impact on pest population compared to the chemical control. This may be attributed to the spray application timing, coinciding with high morning sunlight, potentially affecting fungal conidia viability. Despite inconclusive pest control, the fungi-treated groups demonstrated enhanced plant growth and yield parameters, suggesting their potential as sustainable and environmentally friendly pest management alternatives. Further research is warranted to optimize application strategies and maximize their efficacy against soybean insect pests.
Abstract: The objective of this study identifies the effective of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae fungi as soybean pest control agents compared chemical in The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae fungi as soybean pest control agents with chemical insecticides secticides. The ...
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Research Article
The Marginal Effect of Investment in Machinery, Livestock, and Buildings on Irish Agricultural Output and Costs
Dilovar Haydarov*,
Chaosheng Zhang
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
305-314
Received:
3 December 2023
Accepted:
18 December 2023
Published:
28 December 2023
Abstract: To achieve economically sustainable and profitable farms, farmers must manage various factors that impact farm output and costs. Numerous factors can influence farms' output, including soil quality, environmental conditions, farm size, system, and farmers' experience. This study investigates the impact of investment increases and decreases on farm gross output, direct costs, and overhead costs in Ireland, utilizing the Deep Neural Networks method. The data source for this study is a farm survey of pastoral-based livestock systems from 1996 to 2018. The findings reveal that, on average, Irish farmers ranging from the second gross output decile to the fifth decile will experience an increase in their gross output of 9% to 12.6% if they increase their investment in machinery, livestock, and buildings by 10%. Surprisingly, farmers in the first, ninth, and tenth deciles will experience a decrease in their gross output of 7.7%, 0.05%, and 3.77%, respectively, if investments are increased. This discrepancy may be attributed to the fact that the lowest and highest gross output farms primarily rely on subsidies and have already made substantial investments, respectively, resulting in a lack of positive response to investment increases. As expected, a 10% increase in investments leads to an increase in direct and overhead costs across most deciles, while a decrease in investments results in a decrease in overhead costs across all deciles. The findings of this paper emphasize the significance of farm investments in agricultural output and costs, providing valuable insights for agricultural policymakers and other stakeholders in making research-based decisions.
Abstract: To achieve economically sustainable and profitable farms, farmers must manage various factors that impact farm output and costs. Numerous factors can influence farms' output, including soil quality, environmental conditions, farm size, system, and farmers' experience. This study investigates the impact of investment increases and decreases on farm ...
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