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Analysis of Socio-Economic Factors Influencing Farmers’ Adoption of Coffee Organic Farming in Gakenke District of Rwanda
Nkurunziza Alexis,
Mburu David Mwehia,
Mulyungi Patrick,
Ntabakirabose Gaspard
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
145-150
Received:
5 June 2021
Accepted:
18 June 2021
Published:
6 July 2021
Abstract: Smallholder-based agriculture is the main source of livelihood, especially in the rural areas, where most of the population live. Coffee is one of the most important cash crops across the world and a major source of export earnings. The adoption on awareness of farmers about organic farming is one of the best preferable measures to improve both high quality and quantity of coffee production. The general objective of this study is to analyze socio-economic factors influencing farmers’ adoption of coffee organic farming in Gakenke district of Rwanda. This study employed a cross-sectional survey design and a multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to select sample for this study. Hence, the total sample size for this study was 182 respondents. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage was used to analyze the first and second objectives. While inferential statistics (logit regression) was used to analyze objective three. The overall objective of the study to analyze socio-economic factors influencing farmers ‘adoption of coffee organic farming in Gakenke district of Rwanda. In this study, the majority 60.4% of the respondents were male. Result shows that farmers had high level of awareness in Recycle wastes of plant and animal (100%). The most commonly and highly adopted practices was crop rotation of intercropped crops such as bush beans, tomatoes, pineapple and vegetables in general. The result of logit regression analysis in Table 4 shows that four factors such as education level, land size, farming experience and gender had positive and significant influence on adoption of organic coffee farming. It was therefore recommended that youth should be encouraged and supported to enter this sector because they are in their active age and are more adopter of innovation than old people who are more conservators. Provision of training and technical advice on organic farming practices through agricultural extension services and developing information networks among farmers is vital.
Abstract: Smallholder-based agriculture is the main source of livelihood, especially in the rural areas, where most of the population live. Coffee is one of the most important cash crops across the world and a major source of export earnings. The adoption on awareness of farmers about organic farming is one of the best preferable measures to improve both hi...
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Assessment of Constraints and Opportunities of Tea Out-Growers in South West Ethiopia
Beza Erko Erge,
Melaku Addisu Bifa,
Megdelawit Temesgen,
Efrem Asfaw,
Rehima Musema
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
151-161
Received:
26 June 2021
Accepted:
20 July 2021
Published:
27 July 2021
Abstract: Tea, in Ethiopia, is grown in south west parts of the country. It is produced by estates namely Ethio Agri Ceft, East Africa PLC and other newly established tea plantations. They tried to cover the capacity of their processing factory by out growers surrounding tea plantations. Problems the out growers faced and opportunities they have not yet studied in detail. Therefore, this research attempted to generate useful information on tea out growers’ constraints and opportunities in tea production and marketing, which helps governmental institutions to assess their activities and redesign their operations. The research was done by interviewing tea out growers surrounding the two major tea plantations namely WushWush and Gumero in south west Ethiopia. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and constraints were analyzed using Relative Severity Index techniques. The data was collected from 120 randomly selected households surrounding the two major tea plantations. The result showed that out growers on average has experience of five years and allocated 1.37 ha of land to produce tea. Tea is among the most fertilizer and labor intensive crop of all the plantation crops. They plucked on average 295 kg/ha export standard or 731 kg/ha lowquality standard green tea leaves in one harvest in the main season. Relative Severity index analysis revealed that out growers’ major constraints of tea production were high price and not timely availability of inputs, shortage of inputs, high cost of production, need intensive plot management, lack of capital, no government extension service and lack of training. However, they have good opportunities in obtaining frequent income almost throughout the year, high cash income, low risk of animal damage and theft. This study concluded that out growers allocated 33% of total land owned to grow tea. Plucking was the main cost in tea production which took 30% of income from green tea leaves. On average, out growers obtained 2600 kg/ha/year green leaves which was much below the two tea plantations 3500 kg/ha/year. One of the main constraints of tea growing was high cost of production. However, they were benefited more from getting year round cash income, low risk of theft and animal damage.
Abstract: Tea, in Ethiopia, is grown in south west parts of the country. It is produced by estates namely Ethio Agri Ceft, East Africa PLC and other newly established tea plantations. They tried to cover the capacity of their processing factory by out growers surrounding tea plantations. Problems the out growers faced and opportunities they have not yet stud...
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Honey Value Chain Analysis in East Guji Zone, Southern Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
162-171
Received:
17 June 2021
Accepted:
19 July 2021
Published:
28 July 2021
Abstract: The study was conducted in three districts of east Guji zone to analyze honey value chain. Guji zone has the external favorable environmental conditions that are in favor of honey production and marketing. However, current knowledge on honey product value chain is lacking. A total of 120 households were interviewed by using semi-structured questionnaire, key informant interview using checklists were primary data collection methods. The data were collected from 11 traders and 14 honey consumers by using interviewed. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS. The major honey value chain actors in the study area was identified input suppliers, producers, local collectors, cooperatives, wholesalers, retailers, processors and final consumers of the product. The study result showed that honey producers was constrained by Pests and Predators, absconding, lack of Bee forage, agro-chemical application, lack of beekeeping equipments, lack of institutional linkage, marketing constraints and lack of modern input supply and traditional hives bought to high price from local market. While governmental and non-governmental- organizations are identified honey value chain supporters in the study areas. Four market channels were identified. From identified honey marketing channels (producers - collectors – cooperatives – processors - consumer) are the major share of honey goes to marketing through channel II. The study suggests that beekeeping and districts agricultural development agents through provision of appropriate training and formation of beekeeper unions and cooperatives to address problems and strengthening linkage/interaction among honey value chain actors, and supportive institutions.
Abstract: The study was conducted in three districts of east Guji zone to analyze honey value chain. Guji zone has the external favorable environmental conditions that are in favor of honey production and marketing. However, current knowledge on honey product value chain is lacking. A total of 120 households were interviewed by using semi-structured question...
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Cultivation Practices of Mango (Mangifera indica) Varieties Kent and Keitt Planters and the Origins of Orchard Vulnerability to Rainfall Variability in the Koulikoro District
Samassé Diarra,
Sory Sissoko,
Mamadou Oumar Diawara,
Bakary Mamourou Traore,
Abdoulaye Sidibe
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
172-180
Received:
11 July 2021
Accepted:
26 July 2021
Published:
2 August 2021
Abstract: Malian economy is largely based on agriculture, with mango being one of the country's main agricultural exports. The Koulikoro District is one of the main mango production areas in Mali. The sector is subject to numerous challenges, including vulnerability to rainfall variability. The objective of this study was to document the vulnerability of orchards, particularly those based on the Kent and Keitt varieties, in relation to cultivation practices. The approach used to document this issue was based on surveys and interviews with mango farmers of the Kent and Keitt varieties, to identify cultivation practices and the origins of the vulnerability of orchards to rainfall variability in the district. The results show that mango plantations are mainly managed by young, illiterate people, whose age range is 41-46 years. The orchards are small, with areas ranging from 0.25 ha to 3.00 ha, half of which are located on gravelly soils. Women are very poorly represented (6.52% of the sample) in this production activity. Mango seedlings are generally planted during the rainy season, with a high vegetative recovery rate at the start, but a very low survival rate in the months and years following the vegetative recovery. Water sources are traditional wells and streams (temporary and permanent). Manual watering is practiced by more than 80% of farmers. To conserve soil moisture, farmers mulch with or without basins under the mango trees. The lack of technical assistance and rainfall are the major constraints identified. Traditional water sources, primitive watering methods and poor moisture conservation techniques are factors that increase the vulnerability of orchards to rainfall variability.
Abstract: Malian economy is largely based on agriculture, with mango being one of the country's main agricultural exports. The Koulikoro District is one of the main mango production areas in Mali. The sector is subject to numerous challenges, including vulnerability to rainfall variability. The objective of this study was to document the vulnerability of orc...
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Fuzzy Logic Approach for Identifying the Effects of Climate Change on Agricultural Production
Muhammad Shahjalal,
Md. Zahidul Alam,
Saikh Shahjahan Miah,
Abdul Hannan Chowdhury
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
181-192
Received:
12 July 2021
Accepted:
26 July 2021
Published:
4 August 2021
Abstract: This study is conducted to measure the effects of climate responsive variables on agricultural production rate in Bangladesh. Agriculture production is affected by the climate changes and natural disasters that cause farmers enormous financial losses. The study focused on the application of fuzzy logic to find out the effect of climate changes on the agricultural production of Bangladesh. The objective of the study is to see the proposed fuzzy system will aid farmers for taking decision of selecting right crop to get the optimal yield. A set of fuzzy rules have been utilized to obtain inference of agriculture production on different linguistic variables. Altered combination of climate variables like temperature, weather disasters, water availability, monsoon level, diseases, species extinction and deforestation are considered as fuzzy linguistic variables generated through sets of different fuzzy rules and applied to estimate agriculture production rate. Findings show that as temperature and weather disaster increases to its highest level the agriculture production reduces to its lowest level. Furthermore, temperature and water availability has a homogeneous effect on agriculture production which indicates that the effects of increased temperature are balanced by the supply of available water. The effects of temperature and monsoon level to agriculture production indicate high precipitation due to monsoon level damages agricultural production. Moderate temperature with pure water availability resulted from moderate monsoon level produces medium agriculture production. It was found that the minimum spread of diseases can produce moderate level of agriculture production. Nonetheless, species extinction has a long term effect on production and deforestation has an immediate effect on agriculture production. In conclusion, climate variables like weather disaster, deforestation, spread of disease, species extinction damage and reduce the agricultural production rate. The study demonstrates the application of fuzzy logic to examine the impact of climate change on the agriculture production in Bangladesh.
Abstract: This study is conducted to measure the effects of climate responsive variables on agricultural production rate in Bangladesh. Agriculture production is affected by the climate changes and natural disasters that cause farmers enormous financial losses. The study focused on the application of fuzzy logic to find out the effect of climate changes on t...
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Economic Analysis of Tomato Production in Cumilla and Rangpur Districts of Bangladesh
Mosammod Mahamuda Parvin,
Md. Mizanur Rahman Sarker
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
193-197
Received:
8 July 2021
Accepted:
27 July 2021
Published:
4 August 2021
Abstract: This paper attempts to analyze the costs, revenues and production problems of tomato in two districts namely Cumilla and Rangpur in Bangladesh. It is necessary to enunciate that through purposive sampling technique, the data were collected from 240 tomato cultivators of Cumilla and Rangpur districts. The essentials of tomato’s production include human labour, fertilizer, bamboo stick, thread, seed/seedlings, ploughing, irrigation, insecticides/pesticides, hormone, etc. It is also indispensable to count the transport costs here. The mentioned factors were collectively considered to estimate the cost of production of tomato. All the data were analyzed statistically and economically while their results have been substantiated through consecutive tables. Farmers are facing different types of problems and this research highlights this issue. The findings show that the total cost of tomato was higher in Cumilla (Tk. 155,515/acre) than that of Rangpur (Tk. 151,224/acre). Gross returns from tomato in Cumilla and Rangpur were Tk. 234,942/acre and Tk. 212,213/acre respectively. The net returns were found higher in Cumilla (Tk. 77,010/acre) than that of Rangpur (Tk. 60,989/acre). Undiscounted benefit cost ratio of tomato production per acre was found to be 1.51 and 1.40 on the basis of total cost for Cumilla and Rangpur districts respectively. The high price of input, lack of storage facilities, price fluctuation, insect and disease damage were the most salient constraints in producing tomato. Up-to-date policy and well-organized extension services have, therefore, to be ensured to augment the income as well as the employment opportunities of the tomato growers.
Abstract: This paper attempts to analyze the costs, revenues and production problems of tomato in two districts namely Cumilla and Rangpur in Bangladesh. It is necessary to enunciate that through purposive sampling technique, the data were collected from 240 tomato cultivators of Cumilla and Rangpur districts. The essentials of tomato’s production include hu...
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Agriculture and GDP Causality Nexus in Morocco: Empirical Evidence from a VAR Approach
Ouahiba Elalaoui,
Aziz Fadlaoui,
Nassreddine Maatala,
Abdelouafi Ibrahimy
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
198-207
Received:
21 June 2021
Accepted:
5 July 2021
Published:
7 August 2021
Abstract: The agricultural sector continues to be the backbone of the Moroccan’s economy, employing 38% of the active working population and contributing to 13% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, Moroccan agriculture is subject to multiple constraints, including volatility due to climatic conditions which continue to condition the economic performance of the country as a whole, despite the decrease in the share of agriculture in the sectoral composition. The main objective of this study is to econometrically explore the causality nexus between agriculture and GDP in Morocco, especially since the sector has benefited from new development strategies. Using Moroccan time series over the period 1980 to 2017, the paper employed the Granger causality based on the vector autoregressive model (VAR) in a dynamic multivariate framework, using five macroeconomic variables: GDP per capita, agricultural GDP, investment rate, money supply, and trade openness. The empirical results from the analysis detect the presence of bidirectional Granger causality between agriculture and GDP, implying a feedback relationship, and some unidirectional causal relationships involving the other macroeconomic variables used in the VAR model. The findings have important policy implications for the government to establish effective agricultural strategies, in particular with the inauguration of the new agricultural strategy «Green Generation» in 2020.
Abstract: The agricultural sector continues to be the backbone of the Moroccan’s economy, employing 38% of the active working population and contributing to 13% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, Moroccan agriculture is subject to multiple constraints, including volatility due to climatic conditions which continue to condition the economic performance...
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