The Agricultural Policy's aim is to produce food and energy in a sustainable way for the growing human population and to support inclusive growth and development. By 2050, the world’s population will reach almost 9 billion, 34 percent higher than today. Food production must increase in line with the sustainability goals. Agricultural policy could play a strategic role, but it is important to outline that agriculture is influenced by a host of social, economic, and environmental factors. The Agricultural European Policy and the Farm Bill in USA will also have to improve the management of climate, health and market risks which global warming could aggravate, and strengthen the negotiating capacity of producer organizations with their buyers in the food industry. This Special Issue is aimed at soliciting original contributions from academics and researchers providing theoretical insights and/or empirical analysis, which will address the problems in the socioeconomic dimensions of agriculture, agricultural economics, and agricultural policy, and can provide valuable lessons for the future. We encourage submissions from allied areas, agricultural economics, environmental policy, CAP, Farm Bill, agricultural policy, sustainability, food safety, food policy, etc. We encourage submissions applying cross-disciplinary approaches.